Epilogue: From Moratorium to Atmospheric Test Ban Treaty treatment spinal stenosis generic 250mg lariam with visa, 1958-1963 201 commotion during Ranger medications to treat anxiety purchase 250 mg lariam free shipping, residents in Las Vegas and other communities surrounding the test site paid scant attention to underground testing medicine 3202 lariam 250 mg visa. The last underground test at the site treatment action group buy generic lariam 250 mg line, Divider treatment esophageal cancer 250mg lariam sale, occurred on September 23 medicine nelly discount lariam 250 mg on line, 1992, after which Congress imposed a moratorium on nuclear weapons testing. Newsweek, May 5, 1952; Baltimore Sun, April 24, 1952; New York Herald Tribune, April 23, 1952. Beck, Nancy Goldenberg, William Gray Johnson, and Clayton Sellers, Nevada Test Site Historic Structures Survey, Technical Report No. Office of History, Headquarters Air Warfare Center, Nellis Air Force Base, A Concise History of Nellis Air Force Base, Nevada (Air Combat Command), March 15, 1997, pp. Snapp to James McCormack, July 7 and 13, 1950; Hacker, Elements of Controversy, p. Tyler, July 20, 1950; Air Force Special Weapons Project, untitled continental test site review, no date (ca. Schlatter, Memorandum for Record, July 25, 1950; Holmes & Narver, "Report Covering the Selection of Proposed Emergency Proving Ground for the United States Atomic Energy Commission," August 14, 1950, pp. Dean to Military Liaison Committee, July 17, 1950; Dean to Truman, July 17, 1950; Schlatter to McCormack, September 5, 1950; John C. Tyler cable to Schlatter, December 29, 1950; McCormack to Schlatter, December 28, 1950; Hacker, Elements of Controversy, p. Dean to the Special Committee of the National Security Council for Atomic Energy Matters, January 4, 1951. Liebman, "Ground Instrumentation Provided by Sandia Corporation for Use During Operation Ranger," in Operation Ranger, Vol. New York Times, January 29 and 31, 1951; Boulder City News, February 2, 1951; Amarillo Daily Times, February 6, 1951; the Christian Science Monitor, February 10, 1951. Las Vegas Morning Sun, October 20 and 22, November 1 and 6, 1951; Las Vegas Review-Journal, October 22, 24, 29, 30, and 31, November 1, 2, and 5, 1951; New York Times, November 4, 1951; Los Angeles Examiner, November 5, 1951. Las Vegas Review-Journal, November 6, 1951; Los Angeles Examiner, November 5, 1951; Pioche Record, November 8, 1951; Denver Post, November 8, 1951; Hacker, Elements of Controversy, p. Las Vegas Morning Sun, January 30, 1951; North Las Vegas News, September 13, 1951. Time, November 12, 1951; Los Angeles Times, November 12, 1951; Minneapolis Tribune, November 14, 1951. Los Angeles Examiner, April 23, 1952; Salt Lake Tribune, April 23, 1952; Business Week, May 3, 1952; Santa Fe New Mexican, April 23, 1952; Daily Worker, April 23, 1952; Washington Star, April 23, 1952. Robert Oppenheimer, Transcript of hearing before Personnel Security Board, Washington, D. Harold Agnew, interview transcript for the film Race for the Superbomb, at. John Lewis Gaddis, Strategies of Containment: A Critical Appraisal of Postwar American National Security Policy (New York: Oxford University Press, 1982), pp. Hacker, Elements of Controversy: the Atomic Energy Commission and Radiation Safety in Nuclear Weapons Testing, 1947-1974 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994), p. Office of the Test Director cable to Fields, May 20, 1953; Hacker, Elements of Controversy, pp. Smith to Eisenhower, June 12, 1953; Sterling Cole to Dean, June 10, 1953; Dean to Cole, June 12, 1953. Stringfellow to Strauss, September 16, 1953; Strauss to Stringfellow, September 24, 1953. Report of the Committee to Study Nevada Proving Grounds, February 1, 1954; Hewlett and Holl, Atoms for Peace and War, p. Murray to Strauss, February 2, 1954; Hewlett and Holl, Atoms for Peace and War, pp. Lapp, "Radioactive Fall-out," Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 11 (February 1955): 45-51; Las Vegas Review-Journal, February 15, 1955; Los Angeles Examiner, February 16, 1955; Life, February 28, 1955. Quarles to Strauss, June 1, 1954; Strauss to Quarles, July 1, 1954; Hacker, Elements of Controversy, pp. Strauss to Anderson, April 11, 1955; Time, April 18, 1955; Shelton, Reflections of a Nuclear Weaponeer, pp. Strauss to Anderson, June 6, 1955; Shelton, Reflections of a Nuclear Weaponeer, pp. Las Vegas Review-Journal, April 21 and May 1, 1955; Los Angeles Times, April 25, 1955. Los Angeles Examiner, May 6, 1955; Los Angeles Times, May 6, 1955; Las Vegas ReviewJournal, May 6, 1955. Strauss to John Foster Dulles, December 13, 1955 (emphasis in original); Hewlett and Holl, Atoms for Peace and War, pp. Divine, Blowing on the Wind: the Nuclear Test Ban Debate, 1954-1960 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1978), p. New York Times, June 29, 1956; Newsweek, July 9, 1956; Strauss to File, July 13, 1956; Hewlett and Holl, Atoms for Peace and War, p. Bulganin to Eisenhower, October 17, 1956, and Eisenhower to Bulganin, October 21, 1956, both in Documents on Disarmament, 19451959, Volume I, 1945-1956 (Department of State Publication 7008), pp. National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council, the Biological Effects of Atomic Radiation: A Report to the Public, June 1956; Hacker, Elements of Controversy, p. Divine, Blowing on the Wind: the Nuclear Test Ban Debate, 1954-1960 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1978), pp. Constandina Titus, Bombs in the Backyard: Atomic Testing and American Politics (Reno and Las Vegas: University of Nevada Press, 1986), p. Las Vegas Review-Journal, July 31 and August 3, 4, and 7, 1957; Las Vegas Sun, July 31 and August 7 and 8, 1957. Lots of us with no geological sciences in our Endnotes background studied and learnt a lot. While Rainier was an important and big step forward, the dragon sure continued to do a lot of burping and worse. Atomic Energy Commission by the Advisory Committee on Biology and Medicine, October 19, 1957. Goodpaster, Memorandum of Conference with the President, April 17, 1958; Divine, Blowing on the Wind, pp. Hacker, Elements of Controversy: the Atomic Energy Commission and Radiation Safety in Nuclear Weapons Testing, 1947-1974 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994), pp. McGeorge Bundy, Danger and Survival: Choices About the Bomb in the First Fifty Years (New York: Random House, 1988), p. Use of these terms is prohibited without permission of the American Psychiatric Association. For mild neurocognitive disorder, behavioral disturbance cannot be coded but should still be indicated in writing. This specifier applies only to major neurocognitive disorders (including probable and possible). Note: As indicated for each subtype, an additional medical code is needed for major neurocognitive disorders, including those due to probable and possible medical etiologies. The medical etiology should be coded first before the code for the major neurocognitive disorder. Major or Mild Frontotemporal Neurocognitive Disorder (614) [*306 in Desk Reference]. Major or Mild Vascular Neurocognitive Disorder (621) [*309 in Desk Reference]. Neurocognitive Disorders Etiological subtype Due to another medical condition Due to multiple etiologies Updated Coding Table (continued) Associated etiological medical code for major neurocognitive disordera Code the other medical condition first. Major or Mild Frontotemporal Neurocognitive Disorder Coding note: For major neurocognitive disorder due to probable frontotemporal lobar degeneration, with behavioral disturbance, code first 331. For major neurocognitive disorder due to probable frontotemporal lobar degeneration, without behavioral disturbance, code first 331. For major neurocognitive disorder due to possible frontotemporal lobar degeneration, with behavioral disturbance, code first 331. For major neurocognitive disorder due to possible frontotemporal lobar degeneration, without behavioral disturbance, code first 331. For mild neurocognitive disorder due to frontotemporal lobar degeneration, code 331. Major or Mild Neurocognitive Disorder With Lewy Bodies Coding note: For major neurocognitive disorder with probable Lewy bodies, with behavioral disturbance, code first 331. For major neurocognitive disorder with probable Lewy bodies, without behavioral disturbance, code first 331. For major neurocognitive disorder with possible Lewy bodies, with behavioral disturbance, code first 331. For major neurocognitive disorder with possible Lewy bodies, without behavioral disturbance, code first 331. For major neurocognitive disorder probably due to vascular disease, without behavioral disturbance, code 290. For major neurocognitive disorder possibly due to vascular disease, with behavioral disturbance, code 290. For major neurocognitive disorder possibly due to vascular disease, without behavioral disturbance, code 290. This prohibition applies to unauthorized uses or reproductions in any form, including electronic applications. It also includes content from prior updates that remains relevant to compensation and current clinical practice. The possible major neurocognitive disorders should be coded in the same way as their respective probable major neurocognitive disorders, as noted below. Persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts, As printed as manifested by the following, currently or by history (examples are illustrative, not exhaustive; see text): As updated A. Persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts, as manifested by all of the following, currently or by history (examples are illustrative, not exhaustive; see text): this update clarifies that all three of the Criterion A items are required. In any case, an additional separate diagnosis of a substance use disorder is not given. A distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood and As printed abnormally and persistently increased goal-directed activity or energy, lasting at least 1 week and present most of the day, nearly every day (or any duration if hospitalization is necessary). A distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood and abnormally and persistently increased goal-directed activity or energy, lasting at least 1 week and present most of the day, nearly every day (or any duration if hospitalization is necessary). The abnormally and persistent increased activity required in Criterion A does not have to be goal-directed. As printed As updated Reason for update: Applies only to the pattern of major depressive episodes. Major depressive episodes that occur in a seasonal pattern are often characterized by prominent energy, hypersomnia, overeating, weight gain, and a craving for carbohydrates. This specifier does not apply to those situations in which the pattern is better explained by seasonally linked psychosocial stressors. Major depressive episodes that occur in a seasonal pattern are often characterized by prominent loss of energy, hypersomnia, overeating, weight gain, and a craving for carbohydrates. If psychotic features are present, specify if mood-congruent or mood-incongruent: With mood-congruent psychotic features: During manic episodes, the content of all delusions and hallucinations is consistent with the typical manic themes of grandiosity, invulnerability, etc. With mood-incongruent psychotic features: the content of delusions and hallucinations is inconsistent with the episode polarity themes as described above, or the content is a mixture of mood-incongruent and mood-congruent themes. As updated With psychotic features: Delusions or hallucinations are present at any time in the episode. If psychotic features are present, specify if mood-congruent or mood-incongruent: When applied to current or most recent manic episode (in bipolar I disorder): With mood-congruent psychotic features: During manic episodes, tThe content of all delusions and hallucinations is consistent with the typical manic themes of grandiosity, invulnerability, etc. With mood-incongruent psychotic features: the content of delusions and hallucinations is inconsistent with the episode polarity themes does not involve typical manic themes as described above, or the content is a mixture of mood-incongruent and mood-congruent themes. With mood-incongruent psychotic features: the content of the delusions or hallucinations does not involve typical depressive themes of personal inadequacy, guilt, disease, death, nihilism, or deserved punishment, or the content is a mixture of mood-incongruent and mood-congruent themes. Reason for update In Bipolar and Related Disorders, mood-congruent/mood-incongruent psychotic features apply to the current (or most recent) manic or major depressive episode. Consequently, the definition of mood-congruent features ("the content of delusions and hallucinations is consistent with the typical themes. Specify current severity: Severity is based on the number of criterion symptoms, the severity of those symptoms, and the degree of functional disability. Mild: Few, if any, symptoms in excess of those required to meet the diagnostic criteria are present, the intensity of the symptoms is distressing but manageable, and the symptoms result in minor impairment in social or occupational functioning. Moderate: the number of symptoms, intensity of symptoms, and/or functional impairment are between those specified for "mild" and "severe. As updated In full remission: During the past 2 months, no significant signs or symptoms of the disturbance were present. Specify current severity of manic episode: Severity is based on the number of criterion symptoms, the severity of those symptoms, and the degree of functional disability. Severe: Almost continual supervision is required in order to prevent physical harm to self or others. Specify current severity of major depressive episode: Severity is based on the number of criterion symptoms, the severity of those symptoms, and the degree of functional disability. Bipolar and Related Disorders (continued) As updated (continued) Reason for update Severe: the number of symptoms is substantially in excess of those required to make the diagnosis, the intensity of the symptoms is seriously distressing and unmanageable, and the symptoms markedly interfere with social and occupational functioning. As updated this category applies to presentations in which symptoms characteristic of a depressive disorder that cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning predominate but do not meet the full criteria for any of the disorders in the depressive disorders diagnostic class, and do not meet criteria for adjustment disorder with depressed mood or adjustment disorder with mixed anxiety and depressed mood.
If the egg begins to divide normally it is transferred into the uterus of a surrogate mother treatment varicose veins order 250 mg lariam free shipping. The process has already been employed to reproduce tadpoles medicine runny nose cheap lariam 250mg mastercard, camels treatment centers in mn buy lariam 250mg free shipping, cats medicine 100 years ago buy discount lariam 250 mg line, carp medications via g-tube buy 250 mg lariam overnight delivery, cattle symptoms of hiv purchase 250mg lariam with visa, horses, mice, mules, sheep, and water buffalos. When a colleague attempted to replicate the experiment and failed, Illmensee was accused of having falsified his research and forced to resign. Londons Sunday Times quoted the Israeli-American biotechnologist Avi Ben-Abraham, a participant in the project: "People claim we are moving too fast. But our goal is to save lives and cure diseases, and we believe we will soon be successful. Fadlallah saw no Islamic objection to human reproductive cloning and gave his blessing. On April 29, 2009, he said: "I think we have three embryos that could be in utero today" in a secret laboratory in an undisclosed "Middle-Eastern country" (Aman, Jordan). The Way It Was and Still Is 103 claimed in a Florida courtroom that her company Clonaid had cloned three people and that she had seen a videotape of one child living in Israel. In 2001, the Bioethics Advisory Committee of the Israeli Academy of Sciences and Humanities noted that embryos outside the uterus are not regarded as human life and that human improvement of Gods plans is considered laudable: "reproductive cloning may one day be a safe technology. Neither finds any intrinsic moral objection to the prospect in as much as both favor a pronatalist policy. The current moratorium is not a ban, but merely a requirement that the technique be developed on animals before using it to create human beings. The legal specialist Carmel Shalev of Tel Aviv University writes that in the parliamentary committee discussions any resistance was crushed by government intervention. David Bleich even advising that kashrut (Jewish dietary laws) would permit him to be "slaughtered" (?! Other primates are the species biologically closest to man, of course, but cows have the same gestational period as women. The journalist reporting the story noted that Judaism considers in vitro fertilization to be "a superb alternative for infertile couples determined to fulfill the biblical commandment to ,be fertile and multiply. In addition, there are the Jews from India and Africa, many of whom have been settled in the occupied territories to stake out territory. Even if these official figures are accepted at face value, according to Arnon Sofer, Chair of Geostrategy at the University of Haifa, the Jewish majority within Israel will shrink to 65% by 2020, and overall 8 million non-Jewish Palestinians will outnumber the 6. Israel is acutely aware of the "demographic threat," which has been referred to as a "velvet holocaust. It is like writing an encyclopedia article about horses without using the word,horse. Jews are a dynamic, intelligent, and resourceful people whose contribution to culture and civilization is vastly out of proportion to their 1 2. A pamphlet entitled Israel Demography 2000-2020, cited in Galili 2002; Prainsack, 2006, 187-188. Jewish eugenic practices may often have been inadvertent and hugely influenced by outsiders, but their existence can no longer be denied. Not merely our understanding of the past is at stake, but so too is the genetic future of our planet and species. Some Questions Eugenics has come to be associated with conservative or,rightwing politics. In point of fact its historical roots are just as much in the left as in the right. Now too, eugenics extends the full length of the ideological spectrum, and unquestionably this state of affairs will continue on into the future. That is how long it took science to move ahead to its new synthesis without even bothering to respond to the claims of radical egalitarianism. Jewish political influence has elevated the Jewish debate over eugenics from a parochial topic to a major factor in determining current and future human evolution, and this dualism has huge political implications which extend far beyond Jewish topics. First of all, what are the implications for,democracy if the overwhelming majority of the population is largely ignorant of and indifferent to the sheer survival of our species, not to mention the teleology of culture? Second, should we perhaps reconsider the question of withinand between-group variance? Fourth, the animal-based model of human behavior leaves precious little space for belief in a deity who will restore to us life and our loved ones in some eternal higher sphere. The Way It Was and Still Is 107 Sixth, should we not prepare for the soon-to-arrive moment when the machine brain, created by us, will be superior to its makers? Lastly, and I apologize for asking a millennia-old question, what is existence all about? Lilien the,Muscle Jew (Muskeljude) A Macro-Chronology of Jewish Eugenics 18th-19th Centuries Jewish biology is pursued largely by non-Jewish scholars, with some Jewish writings by figures such as the criminologist Caesare Lombroso. Jews are self-defined by two mutually overlapping criteria: as a) descendants of ancient Jews and b) persons who practice Judaism. The major demographic event is the beginning of Jewish emigration from the Russian Empire in the 1880s. The negative reception of East European Jews by German and American Jewry stimulates interest in Zionism. Egalitarian Marxism and Lamarckian theories of acquired characteristics become popular among Jews. The topic of declining civilizations (Untergang) is frequently discussed in Western society, and Jews become troubled by the growing rate of intermarriage, with Zionism still unpopular among the overwhelming majority of Jews but viewed by some as a means for combating population loss. On the qualitative side, Zionism presents itself as a biological model for race improvement. Secularization among Jews renders problematic the religious criterion for determining who is Jewish, leaving "race" as the chief determiner. Boasian cultural anthropology is advanced as an alternative to physical anthropology. Coalescence of a powerful Jewish lobby in American politics and commerce, in the Weimar Republic, and within the Soviet government. Massive Jewish population losses disproportionately reduce the upper end of the intellectual spectrum. The first claim of six million killed is advanced by Ilya Ehrenburg in Russia in December 1944. Jewish rejection of Zionism is overcome, and Jewry is defined by its identification with Israel. Massive exodus of Jews from their ancestral homes in the Muslim world and Eastern Europe. The Vietnam War and the American civil rights movement radicalize American Jewish youth. Continued Jewish support for eugenics, but eugenics is more and more frequently presented as the ideology of genocide. Jewry comes to be defined more by its relation to the Holocaust than to Israel, leading one Jewish scholar to speak of an "antiZionist" period, reducing the Zionist period to the blink of an eye. Strong Jewish support for multi-culturalism and multi-racialism in America, but not in Israel. The media continue their assault on studies of human diversity in opposition to sociobiology, creating an unbridgeable split with this now predominant paradigm within the scientific and scholarly communities, on the one hand, and popular opinion, on the other. Exodus of Russian Jews to the United States and Israel, unknown numbers of them simply claiming to be Jewish and destined to continue the gene infiltration that has always existed. Religious representatives and physicians in Israel are reported to label women undergoing abortion,reproductive deviants. Continued Jewish support for and practice of eugenic measures while avoiding usage of the word,eugenics. Secular Jewish bioethics is under an inhouse assault as sociobiology reduces morality to ,reciprocal altruism and an increasing number of television documentaries focus on the nearhuman qualities of other species. Jewish popular attention is excited A Macro-Chronology of Jewish Eugenics 111 when a large proportion of contemporary Jewish Kohanim are found to share a set of Y chromosomal genetic markers. Jewish pundits ally themselves with the Christian Right and intensify their denial of human diversity. A plethora of Holocaust Memorial Museums continue to attack eugenics, ignoring its widespread de facto acceptance by American and Israeli Jews. Jewish-promoted immigration of non-Jews to the United States continues to grow and encounter fierce nativist opposition. France passes a law imposing criminal imprisonment and a fine of 7,500,000 for the practice of eugenics. More Israeli scholars and scientists either advocate eugenics or point out that it is openly practiced in Israel. Temple Universitys Center for Afro-Jewish Studies conducts a seminar on,Jews and Race. As a result of high fertility, the Indian group Bene Israel numbers 50,000 in Israel. Lilien Drawing of Max Nordau A Micro-Chronology of Jewish Eugenics One day a labor-loving monk like me will come across my diligent, nameless work, and just like me, hell light his lamp, shake loose the dust of centuries, and recopy onto parchment these true tales, that the children of the Orthodox might know the past fate of their native land, and honor their great kings for their feats, their glory, their good deeds. In old age I live again, the ocean of the past surges by, littered with the flotsam of events, few are the faces preserved by memory, and the rest has perished without retrieve. Pimens 1598 soliloquy, historical play Boris Godunov Alexander Pushkin, 1825 1844 1. British statesman and novelist Benjamin Disraeli (1804-1881) in the novel Coningsby advances the theory of Jewish intellectual superiority. From the Occident and Jewish American Advocate on "Intermarrying with Gentiles": A letter to the Editor: "How ridiculous it is to see a man who has married a gentile wife, and has for her sake given up every thing which his religion demands of him, mount A Micro-Chronology of Jewish Eugenics 113 the reading-desk on our most solemn days, and participate in the religious services of the day. Besides this, in case of their death no especial notice should be taken of them, they having made their selections of companions for life, let their gentile relatives take care of their dead bodies, and inter them in any manner they may deem proper. We are glad in the meantime that the subject has elicited attention, and we shall be happy could we be assured that we have contributed a little towards correcting so great an evil as admixture with gentiles, through bonds of consanguinity, the greatest danger which Israel is exposed in the dispersion. From a sermon by Rabbi Isaac Leeser: "they who leave the Synagogue, either through apostacy, through the neglect of circumcision, or through intermarriage with gentiles, become part and parcel with the non-Israelites among whom we dwell, and they and their descendants, except under rare circumstances, become strangers, and must remain so, to the worship of the God of Israel; they merge into the nations of the earth, and have neither right nor inheritance in the congregation of Jacob. Here then we have a view of the past and present condition of the sinners in Israel. The Society for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Jews presents its Annual Report, stating that it has visited 1,382 Jewish families and that "34 individuals had called for serious conversion. British ethnologist John Beddoe (1826-1911) in an address to the Ethnological Society of London stresses the interaction of natural selection and environment in producing Ashkenazi and Sephardic Jewish types ("On the Physical Characteristics of the Jews"). Socialist and precursor of Zionism Moses Hess (1812-1875): "The Jewish race is one of the primary races of mankind that has retained its integrity, in spite of the continual change of its climatic environment, and the Jewish type has conserved its purity through the centuries. German physiologist Carl Vogt (1817-1895) "distinguishes between Eastern European and Mediterranean Jewish types. Lead article in Allgemeine Zeitung des Judenthums, evidently written by editor, Rabbi Ludwig Philippson: "Genetic predispositions are only a tiny beginning and an individual factor in the development of a great and long-lived race. The Southern Baptist Convention, meeting in Memphis, Tennessee, resolves "that it is our duty to labor a pray more earnestly for the conversion of the Jews. The resolution gave rise to discussion, which took the widest range and consumed the greater part of the morning discussion, all prominent members participating. Kristelder, a converted Jew, now under the auspices of the Christian Brotherhood, and a recent of the Union Theological Seminary of the City, will preach at the above church (Dr. Rabbi Israel Meir Hakohen of Radin writes a book popularly known as Chafetz Chayim on the prohibitions in Judaism against talebearing (Leviticus 19:16), evil gossip (Psalms 34:14), in the Talmud (Yoma 4b, Sanhedrin 31 a), and in the Codes of Jewish law such as Maimonides Mishneh Torah (Deot 7:2). These prohibitions require that professional confidences between patient and physician be maintained. Fred Rosner interprets them to mean that "a person who is the carrier of a serious and potentially lethal genetic disorder is obligated to divulge that information to a prospective spouse. Southern physician Madison Marsh describes Jews as "the purest, finest, and most perfect type of the Caucasian race. From Jewish World (London): "few Jewish fathers or brothers, no matter how lax in their religious observances, would think of introducing a Christian gentleman to their daughters or sisters. The Jewish-Italian criminologist and physician Cesare Lombroso (1836-1909) claims to have established during autopsies certain physical stigmata characteristic of the born criminal, whom he sees as possessing a more primitive type of brain structure. Allgemeine Zeitung des Judenthums angrily rejects the "fraudulent racial theory" that Aryans are nobler and superior to Semites. The truth is that some of the most influential members of the Hebrew community have during the last three of four years taken unto themselves Christian wives; some noble Jewesses have made themselves happy with Gentile hus- 1 2 Goldstein, 1997, 36. He will also preach morning and evening, and in the evening relate his conversion.
O O Toxicokinetics the absorption medicine 319 pill best lariam 250mg, metabolism medications high blood pressure generic lariam 250mg overnight delivery, and excretion of coumarin have been widely studied for many years 2 medications that help control bleeding purchase lariam 250 mg visa. Advances in synthetic and analytical chemistry techniques in recent years have allowed a significant revision to our understanding of how coumarin is handled in the body symptoms 0f ms cheap lariam 250 mg mastercard, particularly in rodents and humans medications reactions generic 250mg lariam with visa. While coumarin is readily available by both the oral and dermal routes in animals and humans symptoms ptsd generic lariam 250 mg line, blood levels and toxicity profiles are influenced by the specific exposure mode. Coumarin in the blood first passes through the lung, where significant amounts can be exhaled, prior to being metabolically processed by the liver. Uses Coumarin is a naturally occurring benzo-a-pyrone compound that is most often used as a fragrance ingredient, where it functions as a fragrance, as a fragrance enhancer, and as a stabilizer. Coumarin is widely used in perfumes, hand soaps, detergents, and lotions at concentrations from 0. It is used to give pleasant aromas to household products or to mask unpleasant odors. The conservative estimate for systemic exposure of humans by using cosmetic products is 0. Coumarin is used as a pharmaceutical for the treatment of high protein lymphedema, for improved venous circulation, and has been in clinical trials as an antineoplastic. Unlike coumadin (or warfarin), coumarin has no anticoagulant activity and is not used clinically as an anticoagulant or as a rodenticide. Coumarin is found in a large number of plants belonging to many different families including tonka beans, woodruff, lavender oil, cassia, melilot (sweet clover), and other plants. Rodents also metabolize coumarin by several lesser pathways, to the nontoxic 3-hydroxycoumarin and several other more minor metabolites. Similarly, when high doses of coumarin result in high plasma levels, mice demonstrate pulmonary toxicity whereas rats do not. In rat studies, dietary exposure at levels X2500 ppm for 4 weeks or more may result in decreased food consumption, with resulting decreased body weight, and microscopic changes in the liver. In rats exposed to doses that are sufficiently high to significantly effect food consumption, coumarin can decrease reproductive success. At lower dose levels, no adverse effects on reproduction or development have been reported. Human Mechanism of Toxicity Coumarin toxicity is a function of blood and target tissue levels of coumarin relative to the metabolic capacity of the target organ. Cellular toxicity results when the formation of the toxic moieties exceeds the capacity of the cell to detoxify. The differences may relate Coumarin exposure is common via cinnamon, green tea, sweet clover honey, and other foodstuffs and adverse effects have not been reported. Hepatic enzyme changes have been reported to be reversible following cessation of administration, and occasionally are reversible despite continued use. Some deaths have been reported, but confounding factors such as preexisting medical conditions have precluded interpretation in most cases. In humans already sensitized to certain other substances such as Balsam of Peru, coumarin has been reported to cross-react. While laboratory species are not likely to have been exposed to coumarin or cross-reacting substances before being tested, the human population is likely to have been 676 Coumarins previously exposed. Coumarin has no anticoagulant activity, is not used to prevent blood clots, and does not interact with the vitamin K-dependent clotting factors. It is not teratogenic in humans (does not cause hemorrhagic syndrome) and has no reported adverse effects on human reproduction. In contrast to overexposure to coumadin, coumarin overexposure does not result in bruising and hemorrhage. Coumarin occurs naturally in many plants such as tonka beans, lavender, and cassia and in many natural food stuffs such as cinnamon, green tea, peppermint, and sweet clover honey. Concentrations range from 87 000 ppm in cassia and 40 000 ppm in cinnamon to 20 ppm in peppermint and 5 ppb in tangerines. Chronic Toxicity (or Exposure) Animal Numerous long-term toxicity and/or carcinogenicity studies have been conducted. In general, the primary effects reported are decreased food consumption with resulting decreased body weight and liver toxicity (in rats). Lake B (1999) Coumarin metabolism, toxicity and carcinogenicity: Relevance for human risk assessment. Various environmental fate studies have shown that coumarin in the environment would biodegrade and be lost to volatilization. Estimated make-up is as follows: aliphatic hydrocarbons (7%), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (69%), and nitrogen containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (11%). Some of the polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons identified in creosote are: anthracene, benz(a)anthracene, benzo(a)pyrene, and pyrene Creosote appears to be primarily excreted in the urine. Clinical Management Acute episodes are treated similar to phenolic poisonings with initial stabilization of breathing and cardiac monitoring. Dermal decontamination is accomplished by swabbing the affected area with olive oil. For ingested material the preferred method is administration of activated charcoal followed by a cathartic. Phenol and phenolic substances tend to exhibit an increased absorption rate at dilute concentrations and have a rapid onset of acute symptoms; therefore, there is a potential for seizures. It has been used as a disinfectant, antiseptic, and a germicide, as a hop defoliant antifungal preparation, and as an animal or bird repellent. The leaves of the creosote bush may be used in herbal remedies or dietary supplements. Acute and Short-Term Toxicity (or Exposure) Animal Exposure Routes and Pathways the primary route of exposure is dermal through handling treated wood or inhalation, particularly when treated wood is burned in a poorly ventilated area. A mixture of fuel oil and creosote was once widely distributed as a cure for ringworm. Human Toxicokinetics Absorption Creosote is readily absorbed through the skin and the gastrointestinal tract. Distribution the Kow (log of the octonal to water partition coefficient) is 1 and therefore is not expected to bioconcentrate. Toxicity is expressed either via general depression with cardiac collapse or via the irritating/corrosive nature by irritation and burns of the skin and eyes. Oral exposure to larger quantities of creosote may result in stomach pains and burning of the mouth. Nonlethal symptoms include salivation, vomiting, thready pulse, 678 Cresols headache, and loss of pupillary reflexes. Reports of long-term self-medication have indicated symptoms of intoxication and visual disturbances. Regulatory Levels Creosote is regulated as a combustible/flammable liquid for transport. Chronic Toxicity (or Exposure) Animal Animal studies have demonstrated that creosote oils derived from coal tar are capable of producing skin carcinomas and papillomas when applied directly to the skin. Human Regulations * * Creosote is carcinogenic to humans x-udd occupational studies that show an increased incidence in scrotal cancer in workers exposed to creosote from wood and coal burning fire places. The names of the three compounds indicate which of the hydrogens on the benzene ring portion of the molecule have been replaced. Because the boiling points of these three compounds are nearly the same, a separation of a mixture of the three into its pure components is impractical. Cresols are useful as raw materials for various chemical products, disinfectants, and synthetic resins. The isomer o-cresol is a starting material for the herbicides 4,6-dinitro-o-cresol and 2-methyl-4chlorophenoxyacetic acid. Human Exposure Routes and Pathways Cresols are released to the atmosphere in auto and diesel exhaust, during coal tar and petroleum refining, wood pulping, and during its use in manufacturing, metal refining, etc. Wastewater from these industries as well as municipal wastewater treatment plants contains cresols. Exposure may occur through inhalation, drinking water, dermal contact, food, and beverage ingestion. Cresols are highly irritating upon dermal contact, eye contact, and contact with any mucous membranes. Ingestion of cresols results in burning of the mouth and throat, abdominal pain, and vomiting. Dermal exposure has been reported to cause severe skin burns, scarring, systemic toxicity, and death. Very few data are available regarding reproductive effects and there are no data on carcinogenicity in humans. At concentrations normally found in the environment, cresols do not pose any significant risk for the general population. However, under conditions of high exposure, people with renal insufficiency or enzyme deficiency will develop potential adverse health effects. Chronic Toxicity (or Exposure) Animal Toxicokinetics Cresols are absorbed across the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts, and through the skin. The primary metabolic pathway for cresols is conjugation with glucuronic acid and inorganic sulfate. Minor metabolic pathways include hydroxylation of the benzene ring and side-chain oxidation. The major route for elimination is renal excretion in the form of conjugate metabolites. Acute and Short-Term Toxicity (or Exposure) Animal Exposure to vapors of o-, m-, and p-cresol resulted in weight loss, reduced locomotor activity, inflammation of nasal membranes and skin, and changes in the liver. Thirteen-week oral exposures to mice, rats, and hamsters resulted in mortality, tremor, reduced body weights, hematological effects, increase in organ weight, hyperplasia of nasal and forestomach epithelium. Oral and inhalation exposures to cresol isomers result in lengthened estrus cycle, histopathological changes in the uterus and ovaries of rats as well as mice. Some evidence of genotoxicity has been reported from in vitro experiment using sister-chromatid exchange assay. Human Cresols are highly irritating to the skin and eyes of rabbits, rats, and mice. Short-term exposure to inhaled mixtures of cresol aerosol and vapor results in irritation of the respiratory tract, small hemorrhages in the lung, body weight reduction, degeneration of heart muscle, liver, kidney, and nerve cells. Short-term oral exposure resulted in decreased body weight, organ weight, histopathological alterations in the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts of rats. At the highest concentrations death resulted from exposure to o-, m-, and p-cresols but not from exposure to cresol itself. Prolonged or repeated absorption of low concentrations of cresol through the skin, mucous membranes, or respiratory tract may cause chronic systemic poisoning. Symptoms and signs of chronic poisoning include vomiting, difficulty in swallowing, salivation, diarrhea, loss of appetite, headache, fainting, dizziness, mental disturbances, and skin rash. Clinical Management Oral exposure: Liquid intake should be avoided because dilution may enhance absorption. Immediate 680 Criminal Enforcement of Environmental Laws administration of activated charcoal is recommended to limit systemic toxicity. Copious dilution with room temperature water is appropriate after dermal and eye exposures. However, it will degrade primarily due to biodegradation in eutrophic waters although photolysis may make a contribution in oligotrophic lakes based on modeling studies. Biodegradation generally occurs within 8 h after several days of acclimation, except in oligotrophic lakes, estuarine, and marine waters where degradation takes several days. Degradation is much slower under anaerobic conditions especially for the o-isomer. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health recommended exposure limit is 2. Environmental Fate Atmospheric fate: Cresols are not expected to persist in the atmosphere because: (1) cresols have low estimated half-lives (less than 1 day); (2) they are sensitive to photolysis; and (3) the water solubility of cresols may cause transport of cresols from the atmosphere to the soil or aqueous environment. Cresols are highly soluble compounds, and gas scavenging will be an efficient removal process as is reflected by high concentrations in rain. Terrestrial fate: While there is substantial release of cresols to the soil, this route of environmental exposure is not expected to be a problem. Cresols are readily biodegraded by soil microflora and move to lower layer of soil. Therefore, cresols will not persist in soils and will probably be leached, due to their water solubility, into the aquatic environment where they will be degraded by microorganisms. Therefore, hydrolysis of these compounds in aquatic media is See also: Coal Tar; Pesticides. Further Reading Kurebayashi H, Nambaru S, Fukuoka M, Yamaha T, and Tanaka A (2002) Metabolism and excretion of 2-nitrop-cresol in rats.
Example 12: I (a) Oesophagealvaricesandcongestiveheartfailure (b) Chronicrheumaticheartdiseaseandcirrhosisofliver Selectcirrhosisofliver(K74 medicine 2020 buy cheap lariam 250mg on line. Thereportedsequence terminatingintheconditionfirstenteredonthecertificateis acute myocardial infarction due to atherosclerotic heart disease symptoms 7dpiui buy lariam 250 mg without prescription. Therearetworeportedsequencesterminating intheconditionfirstenteredonthecertificate:pericarditisdue to uraemia and pericarditis due to pneumonia medications gout buy discount lariam 250 mg on-line. Example 15: I (a) Cerebralinfarctionandhypostaticpneumonia (b) Hypertensionanddiabetes (c) Atherosclerosis Selectatherosclerosis symptoms you are pregnant lariam 250 mg on-line. Therearetworeportedsequences terminatingintheconditionfirstenteredonthecertificate: cerebral infarction due to hypertension due to atherosclerosis and cerebral infarction due to diabetes symptoms 6dpo discount 250mg lariam overnight delivery. Example 16: I (a) Perniciousanaemiaandgangreneoffoot (b) Atherosclerosis Selectperniciousanaemia(D51 symptoms uti order lariam 250mg with amex. Example 18: I (a) Fibrocysticdiseaseofthepancreas (b) Bronchitisandbronchiectasis Selectfibrocysticdiseaseofthepancreas(E84. Thereisareportedsequence-hypostatic pneumonia due to rheumatoid arthritis - but it does not terminateintheconditionfirstenteredonthecertificate. Assumed direct consequences of another condition Kaposi sarcoma, Burkitt lymphoma and any other malignant neoplasm of lymphoid,haematopoieticandrelatedtissue,classifiabletoC46. Certain postoperative complications (pneumonia (any type), haemorrhage, thrombophlebitis, embolism, thrombosis, sepsis, cardiac arrest, renal failure (acute), aspiration, atelectasis and infarction) can be considered direct consequences of an operation, unless surgery was carried out four weeks or more before death. Pulmonary edema (J81) should be considered an obvious consequence of heart disease (including pulmonary heart disease); of conditions affecting the lung parenchyma, such as lung infections, aspiration and inhalation, respiratory distress syndrome,highaltitude,andcirculatingtoxins;ofconditionscausingfluidoverload, suchasrenalfailureandhypoalbuminemia;andofcongenitalanomaliesaffecting thepulmonarycirculation,suchascongenitalstenosisofpulmonaryveins. Other common secondary conditions (such as pulmonary embolism, decubitus ulcer, and cystitis) should be considered an obvious consequence of wasting diseases (such as malignant neoplasms and malnutrition) and diseases causing paralysis(suchascerebralhaemorrhageorthrombosis)aswellascommunicable diseases,andseriousinjuries. Conditions in the categories listed below should be considered obvious consequences of wasting and paralyzing conditions. Conditions in categories flagged with an "M" (Maybe) should be considered obvious consequences of wasting and paralyzing conditions only if they meet the prerequisite for code assignmentnotedinthefinalcolumnofthetable. Similarly, thrombi that form around the right side heart valves (tricuspid and pulmonaryvalves)maygiverisetoembolisminthepulmonaryarteries. However, when a specified cause is given, only a condition that may lead to irreversiblebraindamageshouldbeacceptedascauseofthedementia,evenif irreversiblebraindamageisnotatypicalfeatureofthecondition. Any disease described as secondary should be assumed to be a direct consequence ofthemostprobableprimarycauseenteredonthecertificate. Secondary or unspecified anaemia, malnutrition, marasmus or cachexia may be assumed to be a consequence of any malignant neoplasm, paralytic disease, or disease which limits the ability to care for oneself, including dementia and degenerativediseasesofthenervoussystem. Nephritic syndrome may be assumed to be a consequence of any streptococcal infection(scarletfever,streptococcalsorethroat,etc. Acuterenalfailureshouldbeassumedasanobviousconsequenceofaurinary tract infection, provided that there is no indication that the renal failure was present before the urinary tract infection. Fetus and newborn affected by premature rupture of membranes or oligohydramnios(P01. Bronchopneumonia,selectedbytheGeneralPrinciple(see Example10),andsecondaryanaemiacanbothbeconsidered direct sequels of chronic lymphatic leukaemia. Chronicpyelonephritis, selected by Rule l, can be considered a direct sequel of prostatic obstruction. Thereisno doubt that the nephrectomy was performed for the malignant neoplasm of kidney. Example 31: I (a) Hypostaticpneumonia,cerebral (b) Haemorrhageandcancerofbreast Selectcerebralhaemorrhage(I61. Hypostaticpneumonia, selected by Rule 2, can be considered a direct sequel of eitheroftheotherconditionsreported;theonementioned firstisselected. For example, if senility or some generalized disease such as hypertension or atherosclerosis has been selected, this is less useful than if a manifestation or result of aging or disease had been chosen. It may sometimes be necessary to modify the selection to conform with the requirements of the classification,eitherforasinglecodefortwoormorecausesjointlyreportedor for preference for a particular cause when reported with certain other conditions. Someofthemodificationrulesrequirefurtherapplicationoftheselectionrules, which will not be difficult for experienced coders, but it is important to go throughtheprocessofselection,modificationand,ifnecessary,reselection. Senility and other ill-defined conditions Where the selected cause is ill-defined and a condition classified elsewhere is reported on the certificate, reselect the cause of death as if the ill-defined condition had not been reported, except to take account of that condition if it modifiesthecoding. Ifallotherconditionsreportedonthecertificateareill-definedortrivial,thecause of death should not be reselected. Trivial conditions Where the selected cause is a trivial condition unlikely to cause death (see Appendix7. Linkage Wheretheselectedcauseislinkedbyaprovisionintheclassificationorinthe notes for use in underlying cause mortality coding with one or more of the other conditionsonthecertificate,codethecombination. Wherethelinkageprovisionisonlyforthecombinationofoneconditionspecified as due to another, code the combination only when the correct causal relationship is stated or can be inferred from application of the selection rules. Specificity Where the selected cause describes a condition in general terms and a term that provides more precise information about the site or nature of this condition is reportedonthecertificate,preferthemoreinformativeterm. Early and late stages of disease Wheretheselectedcauseisanearlystageofadiseaseandamoreadvancedstage of the same disease is reported on the certificate, code to the more advanced stage. Senility and other illdefined conditions Wheretheselectedcauseisill-definedandaconditionclassifiedelsewhere isreportedonthecertificate,reselectthecauseofdeathasiftheill-defined conditionhadnotbeenreported,excepttotakeaccountofthatconditionifit modifiesthecoding. Example 35: I (a) Myocardialdegenerationand (b) emphysema (c) Senility Codetomyocardialdegeneration(I51. Example 37: I (a) Terminalpneumonia (b) Spreadinggangreneand (c) cerebrovascularinfarction Codetocerebrovascularinfarction(I63. Example 42: I(a) Respiratoryinsufficiency (b) Upperrespiratoryinfections Codetoupperrespiratoryinfection(J06. Thetrivial conditionselectedbytheGeneralPrincipleisnotdiscarded since it is reported as the cause of another condition. Example 43: I (a) Intestinalobstruction (b) Femoralhernia Codetofemoralherniawithobstruction(K41. Example 46: I (a) Cerebralinfarctionandhypostaticpneumonia (b) Hypertensionanddiabetes (c) Atherosclerosis Codetocerebralinfarction(I63. Example 47: I (a) Cardiacdilatationandrenalsclerosis (b) Hypertension Codetohypertensiveheartandrenaldisease(I13. Example 48: I (a) Stroke (b) Atherosclerosisandhypertensiveheartdisease Codetohypertensiveheartdisease(I11. Example 49: I (a) Strokeandhypertensive (b) Heartdisease (c) Atherosclerosis Codetostroke(I64). Atherosclerosis,selectedbytheGeneral Principle,linkswithstrokesincethisconditionwouldhave been selected by Rule 2 if atherosclerosis had not been reported. Example 50: I (a) Secondarypolycythaemia (b) Pulmonaryemphysema (c) Chronicbronchitis Codetoobstructivechronicbronchitis(J44. Tuberculous meningitis,selectedbytheGeneralPrinciple,isnottobeused with mention of pulmonary tuberculosis. Example 53: I (a) Occipitalfracture (b) Fallfollowingepilepticconvulsions Codetoepilepticconvulsions(G40. Specificity Wheretheselectedcausedescribesaconditioningeneraltermsandaterm that provides more precise information about the site or nature of this condition is reported on the certificate, prefer the more informative term. This rule will often apply when the general term becomes an adjective, qualifyingthemorepreciseterm. Example 58: Example 59: I (a) Rheumaticheartdisease,mitralstenosis Codetorheumaticmitralstenosis(I05. Example 61: I (a) Aneurysmofaorta (b) Syphilis Codetosyphiliticaneurysmofaorta(A52. Example 62: I (a) Pericarditis (b) Uraemiaandpneumonia Codetouraemicpericarditis(N18. Early and late stages of disease Wheretheselectedcauseisanearlystageofadiseaseandamoreadvancedstage ofthesamediseaseisreportedonthecertificate,codetothemoreadvanced stage. Example 63: I (a) Tertiarysyphilis (b) Primarysyphilis Codetotertiarysyphilis(A52. Example 64: I (a) Eclampsiaduringpregnancy (b) Pre-eclampsia Codetoeclampsiaduringpregnancy(O15. Example 65: I (a) Chronicmyocarditis (b) Acutemyocarditis Codetoacutemyocarditis(I40. Example 67: I (a) Pulmonaryfibrosis (b) Oldpulmonarytuberculosis Codetosequelaeofrespiratorytuberculosis(B90. Example 68: I (a) Bronchopneumonia (b) Curvatureofspine (c) Ricketsinchildhood Codetosequelaeofrickets(E64. Example 69: I (a) Hydrocephalus (b) Tuberculousmeningitis Codetosequelaeoftuberculousmeningitis(B90. Example 70: I (a) Hypostaticpneumonia (b) Hemiplegia (c) Cerebrovascularaccident(l0years) Codetosequelaeofcerebrovascularaccident(I69. Example 71: I (a) Chronicnephritis (b) Scarletfever Codetosequelaeofotherspecifiedinfectiousandparasitic diseases(B94. There are two types ofcombination: "withmentionof"meansthattheotherconditionmayappearanywhereon thecertificate; "when reported as the originating antecedent cause of" means that the other condition must appear in a correct causal relationship or be otherwise indicatedasbeing"dueto"theoriginatingantecedentcause. A46 Streptococcalsepsis Other sepsis Erysipelas Codetothesediseaseswhentheyfollowasuperficialinjury(any conditioninS00,S10,S20,S30,S40,S50,S60,S70,S80,S90, T00,T09. C97 Malignantneoplasmsofindependent(primary)multiplesites Not to be used for underlying cause mortality coding. When multiple but independent malignant neoplasms are reported on thedeathcertificate,selecttheunderlyingcausebyapplyingthe SelectionandModificationRulesinthenormalway. Conductiveandsensorineuralhearingloss Other hearing loss Not to be used if the antecedent condition is known. Postprocedural disorders of ear and mastoid process, not elsewhereclassified Not to be used for underlying cause mortality coding. Whenmultiplevalvulardiseasesofnonrheumaticoriginarereportedonthesamedeathcertificate,the underlyingcauseshouldbeselectedbyapplyingtheGeneral Principle or Rules 1, 2, or 3 in the normal way. For mortality the occurrence of myocardial infarction is assumed and assignment made to I21. If no other cause of maternal mortality is reported, code to Complication of labouranddelivery,unspecified(O75. This does not apply if the only other cause of perinatal mortality reportedisrespiratoryfailureofnewborn(P28. If no other perinatal cause is reported, code to condition originating in the perinatalperiod,unspecified(P96. When a disease of bone density is reported on the same line or as the originating antecedent cause of a fracture, the fracture should be considered pathological, code M80. Whentheselectedcauseislistedinthefirstcolumnandappearsonthecertificate as a cause of one of the diseases listed in the third column, code as indicated in the fourth column. Each country will need to amplify the rules,dependinguponthecompletenessandqualityofmedicalcertification. The information in this section will help in formulating such additional instructions. TheassumptionofaninterveningcauseinPartIispermissibleinacceptinga sequence as reported, but it must not be used to modify the coding. Example 1: I (a) Cerebralhaemorrhage (b) Chronicnephritis Codetochronicnephritis(N03. Itisnecessarytoassume hypertensionasaconditioninterveningbetweencerebral haemorrhage and the underlying cause, chronic nephritis. Example 2: I (a) Mentalretardation (b) Prematureseparationofplacenta Code to premature separation of placenta affecting fetus or newborn(P02. Itisnecessarytoassumebirthtrauma,anoxia orhypoxiaasaconditioninterveningbetweenmentalretardation and the underlying cause, premature separation of placenta. The purpose of these lists is to produce the most useful mortality statistics possible. Thefollowinginstructionsalwaysapply,therefore,whetherthe relationship is considered medically correct or not. This would apply in the interpretation of "highly improbable" relationships(seeabove)andinModificationRuleF(sequelae). Categories O95 (Obstetric death of unspecified cause), O96 (Death from any obstetriccauseoccurringmorethan42daysbutlessthanoneyearafterdelivery) andO97(Deathfromsequelaeofdirectobstetriccauses)classifyobstetricdeaths accordingtothetimeelapsedbetweentheobstetriceventandthedeathofthe woman. Category O95 is to be used when a woman dies during pregnancy, labour, delivery,orthepuerperiumandtheonlyinformationprovidedis"maternal"or "obstetric"death. CategoryO96isusedtoclassifydeathsfromdirectorindirectobstetric causes that occur more than 42 days but less than a year after termination of thepregnancy.
The Way It Was and Still Is Framing the Topic Despite medications xl cheap lariam 250 mg mastercard, perhaps because of medications list form 250mg lariam, the growing threats of assimilation treatment plant order 250mg lariam otc, intermarriage medicine jokes purchase lariam 250mg free shipping, and low birthrates medications not to be crushed discount lariam 250 mg online, many Jews are writing about the Jewish future medicine games discount lariam 250mg without prescription. There is no reason why one of the oldest continuing human civilizations cannot turn to the newest of technologies to enhance its prospects for the future. For the first time in our long history, our survival is in our own hands, and not in those of our enemies. Whereas previous human evolution occurred thanks to genetic selection via differential mortality, current selection operates via differential fertility: a U. Census Bureau study of 2006 data revealed that of women 40 to 44 with graduate or professional degrees, 27% were childless, compared with 18% of women who did not continue their education through high school. The Way It Was and Still Is 13 the eugenics gospel has not gone unheeded in Israel. This is an ideological split within Jewry that coincides with an identical fracture cleaving popular culture from the grand thrust of modern science. The ongoing Jewish demographic implosion is not a,final solution imposed by an implacable outside enemy, but one generated from within the Jewish community itself, albeit with the best of intentions. During the Cold War neither the West nor the Soviet Union wanted to undermine the image of their respective German allies, and Jews on either side of the Iron Curtain did not want to be seen as a fifth column undermining the common effort. I was an early participant in the early days of the Holocaust Memorial Movement, having been the chief translator of the Black Book (Holocaust Library), compiled by Ilya Ehrenburg and Vasilii Grossman on the horrendous slaughter of Jews in German-occupied Soviet territories. Not surprisingly, the book had been forbidden for publication in the Soviet Union. While the West had no official censorship, Jews there were also reluctant to dwell upon the topic. Moreover there was embarrassment, even contempt among some younger Jews, over the older generations reported passivity in failing to resist their persecutors. At least five 1 120 Israelis (68 health professionals and 52 non-health professionals; Barnoy/Ehrenfeld/Sharon/Tabak, 2006, 27. Almost inevitably, whenever the topic of eugenics is raised, it is followed by the puzzled question: "Just what exactly is eugenics? No biological population can remain viable without Darwinian selection, and human beings are no exception. Eugenics is all about healthy, intelligent children and parental responsibility to future generations. Five of the first six presidents of the American Society of Human Genetics were also members of the board of directors of the American Eugenics Society. Historically, modern genetics is an offshoot of the eugenics movement, not the reverse. A frequent criticism of the eugenics movement is that it was a dilettantish salon culture of a privileged but amateurish aristocracy. While it is true that such an element did indeed exist, even a casual perusal of the membership lists of the (British) Eugenics Society and the American Eugenics Society is sufficient to see that their members numbered among the intellectual elite. Although the improvement of health and intelligence is the ultimate goal of the eugenics movement, an even more persistent theme is 1 2 Martin, 2007. Aside from the print edition, it is available in a number of languages free of charge at whatwemaybe. As societies began ensuring greater equality of opportunity, to that very degree they select out young people of ability to pursue career interests over reproduction. At the same time, at the other end of the spectrum, welfare programs provide incentives to young women of low ability to regard reproduction as a greater source of income than employment. At its root, eugenics is an interdisciplinary conceptualization of the genetic consequences of social practices for current human and future. The counterresponse was (and still is) an unspoken denial that human evolution is an ongoing process: hybridization has supposedly eliminated subspecies, so that the fundamental human genotype is now claimed to be virtually immutable, with only trivial intraspecies variation existent. Even while conceding that humankind is indeed the product of evolution, proponents of human particularism assume that human beings are the one species no longer affected by that process. Humanity, they argue, is the issue of a single African woman (,Eve), and any subsequent or future human evolution is only,skin deep. Eugenicists tend to be skeptical of this view, which they regard as rooted more in wishful thinking than in objective science. Their model of human evolution is similar to that of the dog, which was bred independently in different places at different times from various subspecies of wolf. Even if it could be proved that a human,Eve actually existed, 150,000 years of evolution in isolated groups living under the most diverse conditions has produced enormous inter- and intragroup diversity, which is a great resource but also a disability when it takes the form of genetic illness, low intelligence, or lack of altruism. Human ecology does not limit itself to the present population but defines society as the entire human community over time; we should act as natures stewards, and simple parental responsibility mandates selfrestraint. Thus modern eugenics goes hand in hand with neo-Malthusian thinking, which views the current global population as already exceeding the planets long-term carrying capacity, and is generally opposed to the view of a Julian Simon (1932-1998), who dismissed concerns regarding overpopulation, resource exhaustion, and global pollution. Positive eugenics refers to approaches intended to raise fertility among the genetically advantaged. Pronatalist countries (that is, 16 Jewish Eugenics those that wish to stimulate their birth rates) already engage in moderate forms of positive eugenics. Negative eugenics, which is aimed at lowering fertility among the genetically disadvantaged, largely fits under the rubric of family planning and genetic counseling. To ensure that such services are available to all on a nondiscriminatory basis, it is advocated that, at a minimum, persons with low income receive such services, free of charge. Genetic engineering, which was unknown to early eugenicists, consists of active intervention in the germ line without necessarily encouraging or discouraging reproduction of advantaged or disadvantaged individuals. It will allow people to have their own biological children without passing on their most problematic genes. National family policy provides a good illustration of how a eugenics policy might be implemented. A government can opt either to offer subsidized day care to all women, permitting those wishing to work the opportunity to pursue their careers (according to eugenicists, a praiseworthy approach), or it can subsidize only poor women, many of whom are thus encouraged to view childbearing as a source of income (according to eugenicists, a dysgenic approach). The United States imports the underclass of other countries to ,do jobs Americans dont want to do, while Canada, whose immigrants are easily just as ethnically diverse as are Americas, rates immigration applicants according to educational levels and skills, which correlate highly with intelligence. Simultaneous with and analogous to Chinas Cultural Revolution in the 1960s, an ideological upheaval arrived in America as a denial of Darwinism, declaring eugenics to be the ideology of Holocaust. As the timeline demonstrates, for Jews, who had practiced eugenics for millennia, it was a repudiation of their own history. The squandering of a groups genetic patrimony is not by any means an exclusively Jewish affliction. Children are no longer the economic advantage they once were when the economy centered around agriculture. The resolution of this tension was found in America in the 1960s and 1970s in the form of,multiculturalism. The period witnessed a confluence of three major ideologyforming strivings for Jews: the anti-war movement, the civil rights movement, and the Holocaust Memorial Movement. Jews defended blacks in Selma and Little Rock and battled the police at the Chicago Democratic Convention, but it was the visual images of heaped-up corpses discovered in German concentration camps a quarter century earlier that most keenly triggered their protest. The result was anger,radicalization, and the pursuit of poorly compatible goals. The Holocaust had been seared into their collective memory, and they were determined at all cost to avoid the role of outsiders confronted with a unified native and hostile ethnos. Thus they supported open borders, which would make them one minority group of many, even as they fiercely defended the right of the Zionist state to take precisely the opposite tack. The arrival in Israel, beginning in the late 1960s, of a million immigrants from the Soviet Union, a majority of whom were reportedly not Jewish1 and whose worldview had been formed by Soviet life, brought equally,conservative leaders to the forefront, for example Avigdor [Evet] Lieberman (b. The new consensus welded firm the inherently contradictory and previously improbable wedding of the,right, some of whose Zionist predecessors made no secret of their admiration for Mussolinis fascism, and the,left under the banner of unconditional support for the state of Israel. The phrase,Jewish lobby became synonymous with,Israeli lobby, and all the while the support of the only remaining superpower remained seamless. Not surprisingly, although Barack Obama was elected President in 2008 with the backing of 83% of American Jews, his popularity in Israel was soon in the singledigit range. The historian Neil Jumonville commented that the sociobiology debate should be viewed as an inter1 2 Tolts, 2003. The shift from a traditional religious worldview to humanism to eugenics follows the classic sequence of Hegelian paradigm shifts: status quo revolution counterrevolution. Such fundamental ideological changes create competing and essentially irreconcilable worldviews: divine dictate (for example, Judaisms mandate that Jews abstain from pork, circumcise males, worship God, and observe the Sabbath); and logic-derived systems, as in utilitarian ethics, that proceed from the,greater good postulate, which itself is accepted a priori and not on the basis of any logical justification. These two systems exist in such separate dimensions that they are often mutually exclusive or, at the very least, irrelevant to each other. Modern thought attempts to find common ground and thus reconcile them, stressing commonalities and glossing over contradictions and irrelevancies. It was a less than harmonious marriage even without the advent of Darwinism, which studies man as just another animal and searches for verifiable cause-and-effect phenomena. If ethics is irrelevant to the lion eating the wildebeest, why should ethics have any relevancy to the human animal? I here attempt to demonstrate that both traditionalism Judaism and the modern Jewish reconciliation of divine dictate with secular logical systems happen to fall into the domain of Darwinism to an unusual degree, promoting eugenic selection and co-optation of talent from without. One could also make a strong case for polygamy in Islam, whereas monogamous Christianity comes off relatively badly. Over the course of the modern period an individualistic ethos has come to dominate that of the socium, emphasizing individual rights over duties to society. The Way It Was and Still Is 19 ticism about the intents of the state, whose goals indeed all too often boil down to a redistribution of wealth to the advantage of those groups which are better organized at the expense of those which are not. Wilson summed up the historical conclusion with charming succinctness: "Wonderful idea, wrong species. Essentially, we humans are the invasive species par excellence, consuming, polluting, and overreproducing, all the while squandering our species genetic patrimony. But gloomy as the future may appear, thinking, moral individuals (whatever,moral means) have no choice other than to do what they can, and while the Jews may not be above criticism, they have in many ways followed a path of social development and, mainly, genetic self-selection that can serve as a model for all of humanity. We are not dealing here with a narrow, technical area, and the range of topics and disciplines could not be broader. Forget what you think you know about the subject and wait till youve finished reading the book to make your own judgment. As Jack Webb, in the 1950s television detective series Dragnet, liked to phrase it: "Just the facts, Maam. Book of Deuteronomy, 30:19 Modern society is in self-destruct mode, but biology-blind models hold sway over biological explanations. Inter-group variance, a qualitative immigration policy, Malthusian overpopulation scenarios, ideology driven policies in education and national achievement, and dysgenic fertility patterns form a soothing dreamworld of taboos forbidding even the mention of genetic differences. If only for the sake of consistency, Jewish demographic discussions are shaped by this same ethos, and Jewish Untergang is thus treated as a non-event. Sergio DellaPergola, Director of the Division of Jewish Demography and Statistics at the Hebrew University in Jerusalem, cautiously 20 Jewish Eugenics wondered if "the organized Jewish community was able to withstand objective scrutiny of its own trends," and pointed out the "sometime conflict of interests between researcher-sponsoring organizations and the community of professional investigators. The Survey had failed to confirm 1960s optimistic hypotheses about supposedly,converging Jewish fertility patterns which would wipe out or at least diminish the negative correlation between educational level and the birth rate. According to the study, the total average number of children born to Jewish-American women aged 40-44 was 1. If one calculates in the number of children not raised as Jewish, an estimate of only 1. But this time the event is not only voluntary, it is even celebrated by Jewish liberals themselves as a triumph of,multiculturalism. Other findings included an ageing Jewish population marrying at later ages with fertility rates below replacement levels. Despite the manipulation and censorship surrounding the Surveys findings and even its release, its authors optimistically, and perhaps naively, expressed hope that its themes would "serve as the basis of important policy discussions in the American Jewish community. DellaPergola has pointed out that "historically outmarriage was strongly related to upward social mobility, and was more frequent among the better-educated, wealthier, and more socially mobile. The Way It Was and Still Is 21 Jewish Intelligence In 1921 the eminent Jewish-British biologist and eugenicist Redcliffe Salaman (1874-1955) predicted before the Second International Conference of Eugenics that chances were 100 to 1 that the "little brighteyed Jewish lad hawking newspapers in his ragged clothes" in Londons East End would "better himself" if only given the chance thanks to his natural ability. The very subtitle of JewishAmerican historian Sander Gilmans 1996 book Smart Jews: the Construction of the Image of Jewish Superior Intelligence rejects the concept of Jewish intelligence as a,construct, that is, something invented and not based on reality. And even though the majority of Jews agree with Salaman and disagree with Gilman, it is Gilmans opinion that currently carries the day in the popular media. Had Western civilization been able to proclaim the truth that Jewish accomplishment was not part of a sinister conspiracy to take over the world, here a people apart, tainted with peculiar cultural traditions, could we not have been able to stop the insanity of,National Socialism and the other pseudo-egalitarian crusades against human accomplishment? Eliot, "The Waste Land," (1922) While there was a Jewish presence in the United States prior to 1880, the ancestors of the overwhelming majority of American Jews arrived from the Russian Empire between 1880 and 1914.
